When you cite another text in your own writing, you indicate that portions of your writing are derived from other source and you identify the source. This is indicated through footnotes (a note at the end of the page), endnotes (a note at the end of the document), or parenthetical notes (notes within parentheses.) This guide deploys Turabian's “notes-bibliography” style for footnotes/endnotes and Turabian's “author-date” style for parenthetical citations.
Whether using either style, your paper must also include a bibliography listing your sources.
Consider the example offered earlier of a paraphrase with quotation. Because the material is not your own, you need to indicate the source, whether with a footnote, endnote, or arenthetical citation.
Using Turabian's notes-bibliography style…
Bede’s authorship of the Ecclesiastical History was guided by a specific intention beyond merely recording a timeline of a timeline of events in the history of Christianity in early medieval England. He was concerned with narrating England’s growth as Christian nation and showcasing its conversion from an island of “disparate pagan tribes into the ecclesia, the gathered people of God.”1
The superscript number at the end of the text points to an accompanying numbered citation (either at the end of the page if a footnote, or end of the document if an endnote) that indicates Smith’s text (with page number) as the source.
If you use Turabian's author-date style, your citation stays in the body of the text…
Bede’s authorship of the Ecclesiastical History was guided by a specific intention beyond merely recording a timeline of a timeline of events in the history of Christianity in early medieval England. He was concerned with narrating England’s growth as Christian nation and showcasing its conversion from an island of “disparate pagan tribes into the ecclesia, the gathered people of God” (Smith 1899, 15).
Academic writing in the humanities tends to favor footnotes/endnotes over parenthetical citations, but the latter are offered as an example. In fact, schools, publishers, or other institutions that use parenthetical citations tend to follow the current version of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (i.e., APA Style.)